2. Jan Tschichold

Tschichold was a typographer, book designer, teacher and writer who said he was "one of the most powerful influences on 20th century typography" and many would agree. While working at Penguin Books, he developed a standard style for every book cover and oversaw over 500 books in two years. He fled Germany during he rise of the Nazi party, who disliked his use of new and sans-serif typefaces.

http://www.designishistory.com/1920/jan-tschichold/