Równouprawnienie = Equality (Polish)
by Sebastian Kubica, 2000
Gender inequality is an issue that faces many people in different ways. In the United States and most of the Western world, gender inequality is generally seen more in the work place. Women are paid less than men no matter what occupation, race or level of education they have when compared to their male counterpart. Women are often subconsciously “punished” for having families and receive less pay than men and women without families and much less than men with children. But women with or without children still make less than men with or without children. Less than 5% of CEOs in Fortune 500 companies are women, 95% of countries have male heads of state, women make up half of the world’s population and yet represent 70% of the world’s poor. Women in America are paid on average 78% of what a man is paid working full time and the pay gap grows with age, with women making around 90% of what men make until they reach the age of 35. Women are not being paid less due to their choice of “college major, occupation, economic sector, hours worked, months unemployed since graduation, GPA, type of undergraduate institution, institution selectivity, age, geographical region, and marital status. Researchers found that a 7 percent difference in the earnings of male and female college graduates one year after graduation was still unexplained.” There is a prejudice against women in the work place that needs to be eradicated in order for all people to have the right to equal pay.
“Equality is part of a five-poster cycle commissioned by civic authorities in Bielsko-Biala, Poland. Posters were printed on an offset press and exhibited around the city. This poster addresses the still-unresolved issues of women’s inequality in the home and in the workplace.”
"Women make up half of the world’s population and yet represent 70% of the world’s poor.
64% of illiterate adults are women (2/3). Women work 2/3 of the world’s hours yet earn 1/10 of the world’s income. One in four women is physically or sexually abused during pregnancy. Globally, nearly 40% of murders of women are committed by an intimate partner. Every day, 39,000 girls are forced into early marriage. That’s 27 girls a minute. Women make up only 21.9% of parliamentarian seats, and 8% of the world’s executives. 95% of countries have a male head of state. More than 100 countries have laws on the books that restrict women’s participation in the economy.
Women in power=greater opportunities for girls’ education, health, and equality"
"The pay gap has barely budged in a decade.
In 2013, among full-time, year-round workers, women were paid 78 percent of what men were paid.
Women in every state experience the pay gap, but some states are worse than others.
The best place in the United States for pay equity is Washington, D.C., where women were paid 91 percent of what men were paid in 2013. At the other end of the spectrum is Louisiana, the worst state in the country for pay equity, where women were paid just 66 percent of what men were paid.
The pay gap is worse for women of color.
The gender pay gap affects all women, but for women of color the pay shortfall is worse. Asian American women’s salaries show the smallest gender pay gap, at 90 percent of white men’s earnings. Hispanic women’s salaries show the largest gap, at 54 percent of white men’s earnings. White men are used as a benchmark because they make up the largest demographic group in the labor force.
Women face a pay gap in nearly every occupation.
From elementary and middle school teachers to computer programmers, women are paid less than men in female-dominated, gender-balanced, and male-dominated occupations.
The pay gap grows with age.
Women typically earn about 90 percent of what men are paid until they hit 35. After that median earnings for women are typically 75–80 percent of what men are paid.
While more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap.
At every level of academic achievement, women’s median earnings are less than men’s earnings, and in some cases, the gender pay gap is larger at higher levels of education. While education helps everyone, black and Hispanic women earn less than their white and Asian peers do, even when they have the same educational credentials.
The pay gap also exists among women without children.
AAUW’s Graduating to a Pay Gap found that among full-time workers one year after college graduation — nearly all of whom were childless — women were paid just 82 percent of what their male counterparts were paid."
“In parts of India and South Asia, there is a strong preference for having sons. Girls can be perceived as a financial burden for the family due to small income contributions and costly dowry demands.2
In 2013, among full-time, year-round workers, women were paid 78 percent of what men were paid.
The best place in the United States for pay equity is Washington, D.C., where women were paid 91 percent of what men were paid in 2013. At the other end of the spectrum is Louisiana, the worst state in the country for pay equity, where women were paid just 66 percent of what men were paid.
The gender pay gap affects all women, but for women of color the pay shortfall is worse. Asian American women’s salaries show the smallest gender pay gap, at 90 percent of white men’s earnings. Hispanic women’s salaries show the largest gap, at 54 percent of white men’s earnings. White men are used as a benchmark because they make up the largest demographic group in the labor force.
From elementary and middle school teachers to computer programmers, women are paid less than men in female-dominated, gender-balanced, and male-dominated occupations.
Women typically earn about 90 percent of what men are paid until they hit 35. After that median earnings for women are typically 75–80 percent of what men are paid.
At every level of academic achievement, women’s median earnings are less than men’s earnings, and in some cases, the gender pay gap is larger at higher levels of education. While education helps everyone, black and Hispanic women earn less than their white and Asian peers do, even when they have the same educational credentials.
AAUW’s Graduating to a Pay Gap found that among full-time workers one year after college graduation — nearly all of whom were childless — women were paid just 82 percent of what their male counterparts were paid."
“In parts of India and South Asia, there is a strong preference for having sons. Girls can be perceived as a financial burden for the family due to small income contributions and costly dowry demands.2
In India, pre-natal sex selection and infanticide accounted for the pre-natal termination and death of half a million girls per year over the last 20 years. In the Republic of Korea, 30 percent of pregnancies identified as female fetuses were terminated. Contrastingly, over 90 percent of pregnancies identified as male fetuses resulted in normal birth.”
According to China’s 2000 census, the ratio of newborn girls to boys was 100:119. The biological standard is 100:103.3"
“For working mothers, gender bias in hiring and recruitment exacerbates the special challenges they already face. In a 2007 study, Cornell University researchers submitted 1,276 fake résumés for real jobs listed in the classified section of a local newspaper. The résumés were equivalent when it came to educational credentials and work experience, but they varied in personal details about gender and whether or not the candidate had children. The faux male candidates with kids were the most hirable, according to the study. Next came men and women without kids. The least desirable were women with children. Among job interviewers in the study, women were consciously (or subconsciously) punished for having a family. Subjects told researchers they viewed women as more likely than men to sacrifice work duties for family commitments. At the same time, male candidates with kids were viewed as more responsible and hence more desirable job candidates.”
(From http://www.womendeliver.org/knowledge-center/facts-figures/gender-equity/ )
Sources: UNIFEM, 2013; UNESCO, 2011; CARE, 2013; UNFPA, 2013; WHO, 2013; UNFPA, 2013; IPU, 2013 (as of Nov 2013; UN Women, 2013
“The Simple Truth About the Gender Pay Gap.” AAUW. AAUW, 1 Jan. 2015. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. <http://www.aauw.org/research/the-simple-truth-about-the-gender-pay-gap/>.
“The Facts: Gender Inequality and Violence Against Women and Girls Around the World.” Advocates for Youth. Advocates for Youth, 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. <http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1556-the-facts-gender-inequality-and-violence-against-women-and-girls-around-the-world>.
“The Facts: Gender Inequality and Violence Against Women and Girls Around the World.” Advocates for Youth. Advocates for Youth, 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. <http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1556-the-facts-gender-inequality-and-violence-against-women-and-girls-around-the-world>.
Waber, Ben. “What Data Analytics Says About Gender Inequality in the Workplace.” Bloomberg Business. Bloomberg L.P., 30 Jan. 2014. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. <http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-01-30/gender-inequality-in-the-workplace-what-data-analytics-says#p2>.http://www.posterpage.ch/exhib/ex298adv/ex298adv.htm
No comments:
Post a Comment